Visible and Terahertz Nonlinear Responses in the Topological Noble Metal Dichalcogenide PdTe2

TL;DR

This study demonstrates strong nonlinear optical responses in PdTe2 across visible and terahertz frequencies, highlighting its potential for advanced photonic and RF applications due to topological surface states and harmonic generation.

Contribution

It reveals the nonlinear optical properties of PdTe2 in visible and terahertz regimes, emphasizing the role of topological surface states in resonant second-harmonic generation and THz harmonic responses.

Findings

Resonant second-harmonic generation linked to topological surface states.

Clear observation of higher harmonic outputs in THz reflection geometry.

PdTe2 shows promise for RF rectification and frequency mixing applications.

Abstract

Nonlinear processes can offer pathways to next-generation sensors and frequency mixing devices to overcome modern imaging, detection, and communication challenges. In this article, we report on strong second and third-order nonlinear optical responses in visible and terahertz (THz) light in single crystals of the noble metal dichalcogenide PdTe$_2$. We find that buried conduction and valence topological surface states of PdTe$_2$ lead to resonant optical second-harmonic generation. On the other hand, although the nonlinear responses obtained with THz excitation are not close to this resonance, they can be clearly observed in reflection geometry, even in the presence of broadband excitation, where optical filters are not necessary to observe the enhanced odd-order higher harmonic output. By carefully considering the radiative photocurrent framework of stimulated THz emission, we are able to extract fingerprints of both second- and third-order processes in the THz regime, and show that PdTe$_2$ is a promising material candidate for radio frequency rectification, frequency mixing, and beam focusing.