ARPES signatures of trions in van der Waals materials

TL;DR

This paper theoretically predicts how trions, charged excitons in doped 2D semiconductors, manifest in ARPES spectra, including unique double-peak features and temperature effects, aiding experimental identification.

Contribution

It provides the first theoretical analysis of ARPES signatures of trions in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides, revealing distinctive spectral features and temperature dependence.

Findings

Mass-imbalanced trions produce a double-peak ARPES signature.

Trions cause shifts in spectral position and shape relative to neutral excitons.

Temperature influences the visibility of trionic features in ARPES spectra.

Abstract

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has recently emerged as a direct probe of excitonic correlations in two-dimensional semiconductors, resolving their dispersion and dynamics in energy-momentum space, including dark exciton states inaccessible to optical techniques. However, the ARPES fingerprint of charged excitons (trions), which plays a key role in all doped and gated 2D material systems, has remained unknown so far. We present a first theoretical analysis of trion signatures in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides, highlighting how the additional charge carrier modifies the spectral position and shape relative to neutral excitons in ARPES spectra. Interestingly, we further predict that mass-imbalanced trions yield a characteristic double-peak structure, clearly separated in energy and line shape from neutral excitons. The predicted temperature dependence of these features offers guidance for experimental investigations aimed at identifying trionic states, thereby establishing a framework for ARPES studies of many-body Coulomb complexes in doped two-dimensional semiconductors.