3D-HQAM Constellation Design and Performance Evaluation under AWGN

TL;DR

This paper introduces a 3D-HQAM constellation design method that extends 2D hexagonal modulation into three dimensions, improving Euclidean distance and error performance under AWGN conditions.

Contribution

It presents a systematic approach for 3D constellation construction with a dimension reduction technique and derives closed-form SEP expressions, validated by simulations.

Findings

Minimum Euclidean distance increases by up to 160.81% for 1024-HQAM.

Theoretical SEP closely matches simulation results.

Proposed 3D constellations enhance error performance for high-order modulation.

Abstract

This paper proposes a simple and effective method for constructing higher-order three-dimensional (3D) signal constellations, aiming to enhance the reliability of digital communication systems. The approach systematically extends the conventional two-dimensional hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation (2D-HQAM) constellation into a 3D-HQAM signal space, forming structured lattice configurations. To address the increased decision complexity resulting from a larger number of constellation points, a dimension reduction (DR) technique is introduced, allowing the derivation of closed-form symbol error probability (SEP) expressions under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) conditions. Theoretical SEPs closely match simulation results, validating the accuracy of the proposed method. The minimum Euclidean distance (MED) of the 3D constellations shows a minimum increase of 12.14% over 2D constellation for 8-HQAM, reaching up to 160.81% for 1024-HQAM constellations. This significant improvement in MED leads to enhanced error performance. Therefore, the proposed 3D constellations are promising candidates for high-quality and reliable next-generation digital communication systems.