SALT-V: Lightweight Authentication for 5G V2X Broadcasting
Liu Cao, Weizheng Wang, Qipeng Xie, Dongyu Wei, Lyutianyang Zhang

TL;DR
SALT-V is a hybrid authentication framework for 5G V2X that combines ECDSA and lightweight GMAC to enable immediate, efficient, and scalable message authentication suitable for collision avoidance and safety-critical applications.
Contribution
It introduces a novel hybrid protocol with an Ephemeral Session Tag whitelist and Bloom filter revocation, achieving immediate verification and high scalability for V2X communications.
Findings
Achieves 0.035 ms average computation time, 57x faster than pure ECDSA
Provides 1 ms end-to-end latency suitable for safety-critical applications
Scales linearly to 2000 vehicles with minimal overhead
Abstract
Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication faces a critical authentication dilemma: traditional public-key schemes like ECDSA provide strong security but impose 2 ms verification delays unsuitable for collision avoidance, while symmetric approaches like TESLA achieve microsecond-level efficiency at the cost of 20-100 ms key disclosure latency. Neither meets 5G New Radio (NR)-V2X's stringent requirements for both immediate authentication and computational efficiency. This paper presents SALT-V, a novel hybrid authentication framework that reconciles this fundamental trade-off through intelligent protocol stratification. SALT-V employs ECDSA signatures for 10% of traffic (BOOT frames) to establish sender trust, then leverages this trust anchor to authenticate 90% of messages (DATA frames) using lightweight GMAC operations. The core innovation - an Ephemeral Session Tag (EST) whitelist…
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Taxonomy
TopicsVehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) · Advanced Authentication Protocols Security · Wireless Communication Security Techniques
