Spontaneous Macroscopic Quantum Synchronization in an Ensemble of Two-level Systems

TL;DR

This paper investigates spontaneous macroscopic quantum synchronization in an ensemble of two-level systems, revealing how interaction and dissipation lead to phase coherence and synchronized states.

Contribution

It introduces a nonlinear quantum master equation for TLS ensembles and provides analytical solutions, phase diagrams, and demonstrations of full and partial synchronization.

Findings

Dissipation and interaction drive the system toward synchronization.

Phase diagram maps synchronization regimes based on parameters.

Full and partial synchronization between groups with different frequencies.

Abstract

Spontaneous macroscopic quantum synchronization is an emergent phenomenon where an ensemble of quantum oscillators achieves global phase coherence through the interplay of interaction and dissipation. To illuminate this phenomenon, we study an ensemble of two-level systems (TLS) and establish its associated nonlinear quantum master equation, for which self-consistent analytical solutions of quantum synchronization can be obtained. The trajectories on the Bloch sphere vividly illustrate how dissipation and interaction drive the system toward a synchronized state. We present a phase diagram for macroscopic synchronization as a function of interaction strength and the gain-to-damping ratio. Furthermore, we demonstrate full synchronization and partial synchronization between two groups of TLS with different natural frequencies. This work establishes ensemble of TLS as a remarkable system for understanding spontaneous quantum synchronization.