XSNAP: An X-ray Supernova Analysis Pipeline with Application to the Type II Supernova 2024ggi

TL;DR

XSNAP is an open-source Python pipeline that standardizes X-ray data analysis of supernovae, demonstrated on SN 2024ggi, enabling detailed modeling of progenitor mass-loss histories from multi-epoch observations.

Contribution

The paper introduces XSNAP, a new Python package for standardized, multi-instrument X-ray spectral analysis of supernovae, with application to SN 2024ggi.

Findings

Measured progenitor mass-loss rate of SN 2024ggi as (6.2±0.2)×10⁻⁵ M☉/yr.

X-ray emission traces the final 117 years before supernova explosion.

Software is publicly available on GitHub and PyPI.

Abstract

X-ray observations of Type II supernovae (SNe II) probe the physics of supernova (SN) shocks and the mass-loss histories of their progenitor stars. We present multi-epoch, X-ray observations of SN II 2024ggi ($D \approx 7.2 \ \rm Mpc$) from ${\it Swift}$-XRT, ${\it Chandra}$ and ${\it XMM}$, which cover $\sim 1 - 344$ days since first light. We analyze these observations using a new open-source Python package called $\texttt{XSNAP}$, which standardizes a unified command-line interface for instrument-specific reduction and spectral extraction. $\texttt{XSNAP}$ introduces application programming interfaces for per-epoch spectral modeling through $\texttt{PyXspec}$ and $\texttt{emcee}$ Markov chain Monte Carlo fitting. We employ ${\tt XSNAP}$ to model the multi-epoch X-ray spectra of SN 2024ggi with an absorbed thermal bremsstrahlung model and calculate a steady progenitor mass-loss rate of $(6.2\pm0.2)\times10^{-5}\,M_{\odot}\,\mathrm{yr^{-1}}$ $(v_{\rm wind} = 20 \ \rm km \ s^{-1})$, for which the detected X-ray emission traces the final 117 years before explosion. The software is publicly available on GitHub, with a released package on the Python Package Index (PyPI).