Cyclic Hypergraph Product Code

TL;DR

This paper introduces cyclic hypergraph product codes, focusing on codes with cyclic symmetries, which outperform existing quantum LDPC codes in error rate and qubit efficiency, and enables efficient ion-trap implementation.

Contribution

It presents a novel class of cyclic hypergraph product codes, including C2 and CxR codes, with significantly improved error rates and resource efficiency over prior quantum LDPC codes.

Findings

C2 and CxR codes outperform previous HGP codes in parameters and error rates.

Some C2 codes achieve lower logical error rates and smaller qubit overhead than bicycle codes.

Efficient planar layout for ion-trap implementation using cyclic symmetry.

Abstract

Hypergraph product (HGP) codes are one of the most popular family of quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Circuit-level simulations show that they can achieve the same logical error rate as surface codes with a reduced qubit overhead. They have been extensively optimized by importing classical techniques such as the progressive edge growth, or through random search, simulated annealing or reinforcement learning techniques. In this work, instead of machine learning (ML) algorithms that improve the code performance through local transformations, we impose additional global symmetries, that are hard to discover through ML, and we perform an exhaustive search. Precisely, we focus on the hypergraph product of two cyclic codes, which we call CxC codes and we study C2 codes which are the product a cyclic code with itself and CxR codes which are the product of a cyclic codes with a repetition code. We discover C2 codes and CxR codes that significantly outperform previously optimized HGP codes, achieving better parameters and a logical error rate per logical qubit that is up to three orders of magnitude better. Moreover, some C2 codes achieve simultaneously a lower logical error rate and a smaller qubit overhead than state-of-the-art LDPC codes such as the bivariate bicycle codes, at the price of a larger block length. Finally, leveraging the cyclic symmetry imposed on the codes, we design an efficient planar layout for the QCCD architecture, allowing for a trapped ion implementation of the syndrome extraction circuit in constant depth.