Revisiting the Hubble tension problem in the framework of holographic dark energy

TL;DR

This study evaluates various holographic dark energy models against multiple cosmological data sets to understand their impact on the Hubble tension problem, finding some models can partially mitigate the tension.

Contribution

It systematically compares six HDE models with diverse observational data, revealing which models can alleviate the Hubble tension.

Findings

HDE models with Hubble scale IR cutoff cannot resolve the tension.

Models with future event horizon IR cutoff can partially reduce the tension.

Results are consistent across different models and data sets.

Abstract

The Hubble tension problem is one of the most significant challenges in modern cosmology. In this paper, we study the Hubble tension problem in the framework of holographic dark energy (HDE). To perform a systematic and comprehensive analysis, we select six representative theoretical models from all four categories of HDE. For the observational data, we adopt the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 2 (DR2) along with a collection of alternative BAO measurements, Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) distance priors from $Planck$ 2018, and type Ia supernovae (SN) data from the PantheonPlus, Union3, and DESY5 compilations. We find that HDE models that employ the Hubble scale or its combinations as the infrared (IR) cutoff cannot alleviate the Hubble tension problem. In contrast, HDE models that employ the future event horizon as the IR cutoff can partially mitigate the Hubble tension problem. It must be stressed that these two key conclusions hold true for cases of adopting different theoretical HDE models and different observational data. Our findings advocate for further exploration of HDE models using other types of cosmological observations.