Multi-Agent GraphRAG: A Text-to-Cypher Framework for Labeled Property Graphs

TL;DR

This paper introduces Multi-Agent GraphRAG, a novel framework that uses large language models to generate and execute Cypher queries on labeled property graphs, enabling natural language interaction with structured graph data for industrial applications.

Contribution

The paper presents the first modular LLM-based system for text-to-Cypher query generation on LPGs, expanding GraphRAG methods beyond RDF and SPARQL to scalable property graph databases.

Findings

Effective Cypher query generation and execution demonstrated on diverse datasets.

Iterative correction improves semantic and syntactic accuracy of queries.

System bridges AI and real-world industrial digital twin applications.

Abstract

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods commonly draw information from unstructured documents, the emerging paradigm of GraphRAG aims to leverage structured data such as knowledge graphs. Most existing GraphRAG efforts focus on Resource Description Framework (RDF) knowledge graphs, relying on triple representations and SPARQL queries. However, the potential of Cypher and Labeled Property Graph (LPG) databases to serve as scalable and effective reasoning engines within GraphRAG pipelines remains underexplored in current research literature. To fill this gap, we propose Multi-Agent GraphRAG, a modular LLM agentic system for text-to-Cypher query generation serving as a natural language interface to LPG-based graph data. Our proof-of-concept system features an LLM-based workflow for automated Cypher queries generation and execution, using Memgraph as the graph database backend. Iterative content-aware correction and normalization, reinforced by an aggregated feedback loop, ensures both semantic and syntactic refinement of generated queries. We evaluate our system on the CypherBench graph dataset covering several general domains with diverse types of queries. In addition, we demonstrate performance of the proposed workflow on a property graph derived from the IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) data, representing a digital twin of a building. This highlights how such an approach can bridge AI with real-world applications at scale, enabling industrial digital automation use cases.