Generating Sketches in a Hierarchical Auto-Regressive Process for Flexible Sketch Drawing Manipulation at Stroke-Level

TL;DR

This paper introduces a hierarchical auto-regressive model for sketch generation that allows flexible, stroke-level manipulation during the drawing process by predicting, anchoring, and translating strokes in a three-stage hierarchy.

Contribution

It proposes a novel hierarchical auto-regressive approach enabling real-time, stroke-level manipulation during sketch generation, overcoming limitations of previous methods that require pre-collected conditions.

Findings

Allows flexible stroke-level manipulation during sketch generation

Produces more coherent and controllable sketches

Outperforms existing methods in sketch quality and flexibility

Abstract

Generating sketches with specific patterns as expected, i.e., manipulating sketches in a controllable way, is a popular task. Recent studies control sketch features at stroke-level by editing values of stroke embeddings as conditions. However, in order to provide generator a global view about what a sketch is going to be drawn, all these edited conditions should be collected and fed into generator simultaneously before generation starts, i.e., no further manipulation is allowed during sketch generating process. In order to realize sketch drawing manipulation more flexibly, we propose a hierarchical auto-regressive sketch generating process. Instead of generating an entire sketch at once, each stroke in a sketch is generated in a three-staged hierarchy: 1) predicting a stroke embedding to represent which stroke is going to be drawn, and 2) anchoring the predicted stroke on the canvas, and 3) translating the embedding to a sequence of drawing actions to form the full sketch. Moreover, the stroke prediction, anchoring and translation are proceeded auto-regressively, i.e., both the recently generated strokes and their positions are considered to predict the current one, guiding model to produce an appropriate stroke at a suitable position to benefit the full sketch generation. It is flexible to manipulate stroke-level sketch drawing at any time during generation by adjusting the exposed editable stroke embeddings.