Prompt diphoton production compared to measurements at 13 TeV in $k_t$-factorization: A comparative analysis of unintegrated PDF models

TL;DR

This paper compares different unintegrated parton distribution function models within the $k_t$-factorization framework to predict prompt diphoton production at 13 TeV, assessing their agreement with ATLAS measurements across various observables.

Contribution

It provides a detailed comparison of three UPDF models in the $k_t$-factorization approach for diphoton production, highlighting the most accurate model and the impact of UPDF choice on predictions.

Findings

PB model shows the best overall agreement with data.

NLO-MRW tends to overshoot at larger scales.

MKMRW generally undershoots due to stronger Sudakov suppression.

Abstract

We perform an in-depth comparative analysis of unintegrated parton distribution function (UPDF) models for isolated prompt diphoton production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$~TeV within the $k_t$-factorization framework. Predictions are obtained with three UPDF approaches: Parton Branching (PB), NLO-MRW, and Modified KMRW (MKMRW). Tree-level $q + \bar q\!\to\!\gamma +\gamma$, $q + \bar q\!\to\!\gamma + \gamma + g$, and $q + g\!\to\!\gamma +\gamma + q$ subprocesses are generated with \textsc{KaTie} using off-shell initial states; the loop-induced $g + g\!\to\!\gamma + \gamma$ channel is evaluated independently. We compare differential cross sections with ATLAS measurements across a broad set of observables, including the photon transverse momenta, diphoton invariant mass and transverse momentum, the Collins-Soper angle, acoplanarity, $\phi^*_\eta$, and a transverse thrust-related variable. This comparative study quantifies the impact of the UPDF choice on the diphoton spectra. We find that the PB model provides the most consistent agreement over all distributions, whereas NLO-MRW tends to overshoot in regions correlated with larger factorization scales and MKMRW generally undershoots due to stronger Sudakov suppression. With standard scale variations, our results indicate that $k_t$-factorization with PB UPDFs can accurately describe diphoton production, while fixed-order collinear predictions typically require higher-order corrections together with parton-shower effects to achieve a comparable description.