Rejection of wavefront aberrations in an atomic gradiometer

TL;DR

This paper investigates how laser beam distortions affect the accuracy of atomic gradiometers, providing simulations and analysis to guide optical quality requirements for improved inertial sensing.

Contribution

It offers a detailed numerical and analytical assessment of aberration impacts on atom interferometry-based gradiometers, highlighting limitations and design considerations.

Findings

Aberrations limit phase noise rejection in differential measurements.

Deviations in gravity measurements are within current experimental capabilities.

Surface quality of optics is critical for optimal sensor performance.

Abstract

One of the main residual limitations of inertial sensors based on atom interferometry stems from laser beam distortions, which cause parasitic phase shifts and non-homogeneous matter-light couplings. Here we present numerical simulations, accompanied by analytical calculations, which quantify the impact of these effects in a cold atom gradiometer. We demonstrate that the propagation of interferometric laser beam aberrations, combined with initial asymmetry and significant time-of-flight expansion of the the two atomic sources, limit the common-mode rejection of phase noise in a differential configuration. The resulting deviations in gravitational acceleration and its gradient are within reach of current experimental devices. Our study allows us to evaluate the surface quality requirements for retroreflective optics in cold-atom gradiometers of various baselines, and can be extended to other sensors based on different interferometer geometries.