Cluster percolation in the three-dimensional $\pm J$ random-bond Ising model

TL;DR

This study uses extensive Monte Carlo simulations to explore how cluster percolation relates to phase transitions in the three-dimensional $\

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of cluster percolation phenomena in the 3D $\\pm J$ Ising model, linking percolation transitions to thermodynamic phase changes.

Findings

Percolation transition occurs above the thermodynamic transition in disordered phases.

Two percolating clusters of equal density appear at the transition point.

Percolation signatures can indicate thermodynamic phase transitions.

Abstract

Based on extensive parallel-tempering Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the relationship between cluster percolation and equilibrium ordering phenomena in the three-dimensional $\pm J$ random-bond Ising model as one varies the fraction of antiferromagnetic bonds. We consider a range of cluster definitions, most of which are constructed in the space of overlaps between two independent real replicas of the system. In the pure ferromagnet that is contained as a limiting case in the class of problems considered, the relevant percolation point coincides with the thermodynamic ordering transition. For the disordered ferromagnet encountered first on introducing antiferromagnetic bonds and the adjacent spin-glass phase of strong disorder this connection is altered, and one finds a percolation transition above the thermodynamic ordering point that is accompanied by the appearance of /two/ percolating clusters of equal density. Only at the lower (disordered) ferromagnetic or spin-glass transition points the densities of these two clusters start to diverge, thus providing a percolation signature of these thermodynamic transitions. We compare the scaling behavior at this secondary percolation transition with the thermodynamic behavior at the corresponding ferromagnetic and spin-glass phase transitions.