EMPEROR I. Exoplanet MCMC parallel tempering for RV orbit retrieval
Pablo A. Pe\~na, James S. Jenkins

TL;DR
EMPEROR is an open-source Python framework that enhances exoplanet detection via radial velocities by integrating advanced sampling techniques, noise models, and systematic model comparison, demonstrated across multiple stellar systems.
Contribution
It introduces EMPEROR, combining DNS and APT MCMC with flexible noise models and automated visualization, improving efficiency and robustness in exoplanet RV analysis.
Findings
APT increases sampling efficiency by a factor of 3.76 over DNS.
Successfully recovers known stellar rotation and magnetic cycle periods.
Confirms exoplanet parameters in Barnard's Star with multiple noise models.
Abstract
We present EMPEROR, an open-source Python framework designed for efficient exoplanet detection and characterisation with radial velocities (RV). EMPEROR integrates Dynamic Nested Sampling (DNS) and Adaptive Parallel Tempering (APT) Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), supporting multiple noise models such as Gaussian Processes (GPs) and Moving Averages (MA). The framework enables systematic model comparison using statistical metrics, including Bayesian evidence () and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), while providing automated, publish-ready visualisations. EMPEROR is evaluated across three distinct systems to assess its capabilities in different detection scenarios. Sampling performance, model selection, and the search for Earth-mass planets are evaluated in data for 51 Pegasi, HD 55693 and Barnard's Star (GJ 699). For 51 Pegasi, APT achieves an effective sampling…
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Taxonomy
TopicsStellar, planetary, and galactic studies · Scientific Research and Discoveries · Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
