Evaluating the Impact of a Load Admittance Approximation in Transient Stability-Constrained Optimal Power Flow

TL;DR

This paper introduces a load admittance approximation method for transient stability-constrained optimal power flow, reducing computational complexity while maintaining accurate rotor dynamics in system simulations.

Contribution

It proposes a practical voltage-based load admittance approximation that simplifies TSC-OPF computations and improves scalability.

Findings

Accurately reproduces rotor dynamics during initial seconds

Reduces implementation effort and convergence issues

Maintains consistency with time-domain simulations

Abstract

The Transient Stability-Constrained Optimal Power Flow (TSC-OPF) incorporates dynamic stability constraints into the OPF formulation to ensure secure and economical operation under disturbances. While discretizing system dynamics enables the use of nonlinear programming techniques, it significantly increases computational burden. To enhance scalability, many studies simplify the network by representing loads as constant admittances, allowing the use of Kron reduction. However, computing the Kron reduction outside the optimization requires a voltage-based assumption to convert loads from constant power to constant admittance. This paper proposes a practical voltage-based load admittance approximation and evaluates the errors it may introduce in rotor angle and speed deviation trajectories. Case studies on the WECC 9-bus system show that the proposed approach reproduces rotor dynamics consistent with time-domain simulations during the first few seconds while considerably reducing implementation effort and mitigating convergence issues. The proposed framework thus offers a simple and effective strategy for scalable TSC-OPF implementations.