Self-mixing-based photoacoustic sensing

TL;DR

This paper introduces a compact, high-sensitivity trace-gas sensor that combines photoacoustic spectroscopy with self-mixing interferometry, matching the performance of larger systems while enabling miniaturization and broader spectral applicability.

Contribution

It presents a novel self-mixing-based photoacoustic sensor that achieves high sensitivity comparable to larger systems, with advantages in size, baseline, and spectral flexibility.

Findings

Sensor achieves high SNR and low detection limits.

Performance comparable to bulkier interferometric schemes.

Enhanced suitability for portable and integrated applications.

Abstract

Versatile, ultracompact, easy-to-handle, high-sensitivity sensors are compelling tools for in situ pivotal applications, such as medical diagnostics, security and safety assessments, and environmental control. In this work, we combine photoacoustic spectroscopy and feedback interferometry, proposing a novel trace-gas sensor equipped with a self-mixing readout. This scheme demonstrates a readout sensitivity comparable to that of bulkier state-of-the-art balanced Michelson-interferometric schemes, achieving the same spectroscopic performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and minimum detection limit (MDL). At the same time, the self-mixing readout benefits from a reduced size and a lower baseline, paving the way for future system downsizing and integration while offering a higher detectability for lower gas concentrations. Moreover, the intrinsic wavelength independence of both self-mixing and photoacoustic techniques allows the applicability and tailorability of the sensor to any desired spectral range.