Experimental Observation of Hidden Multistability in Nonlinear Systems

TL;DR

This paper reports the first experimental observation of hidden multistability in nonlinear systems, revealing stable states that are normally undetectable and controllable via pulsed excitation, with potential applications in information technology.

Contribution

It demonstrates the experimental realization and control of hidden multistability in a nonlinear acoustic system, expanding understanding of multistable states beyond traditional detection methods.

Findings

Observation of semi- and fully-hidden tristabilities

Control of hidden states through pulsed excitation

Potential applications in information storage and encryption

Abstract

Multistability, the coexistence of multiple stable states, is a cornerstone of nonlinear dynamical systems, governing their equilibrium, tunability, and emergent complexity. Recently, the concept of hidden multistability, where certain stable states evade detection via conventional continuous parameter sweeping, has garnered increasing attention due to its elusive nature and promising applications. In this Letter, we present the first experimental observation of hidden multistability using a programmable acoustic coupled-cavity platform that integrates competing self-focusing and self-defocusing Kerr nonlinearities. Beyond established bistability, we demonstrate semi- and fully-hidden tristabilities by precisely programming system parameters. Crucially, the hidden stable states, typically inaccessible via the traditional protocol, are unambiguously revealed and dynamically controlled through pulsed excitation, enabling flexible transitions between distinct types of stable states. These experimental findings not only offer new insights into the fundamental physics of emerging hidden multistability, but also unlock new avenues for applications in information storage, information encryption, and safety precaution, where multi-state dynamics could enable advanced control techniques.