Control of dynamical phase transitions and non-ergodic relaxation via spinor phases

TL;DR

This paper presents methods to control, characterize, and detect nonequilibrium dynamics and phase transitions in ultracold spinor gases by manipulating internal spinor phases, enabling studies of non-ergodic relaxation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to extract phase evolution, define an order parameter for dynamical phase transitions, and infer spin-dependent interactions from single experimental traces.

Findings

Defined an order parameter sharply identifying dynamical phase transitions.

Developed a technique to infer spin interactions from a single time trace.

Demonstrated control over non-ergodic relaxation dynamics and quantum scarring.

Abstract

Utilizing ultracold spinor gases as large-scale, many-body quantum simulation platforms, we establish a toolbox for the precise control, characterization, and detection of nonequilibrium dynamics via internal spinor phases. We develop a method to extract the phase evolution from the observed spin population dynamics, allowing us to define an order parameter that sharply identifies dynamical phase transitions over a wide range of conditions. This work also demonstrates a technique for inferring spin-dependent interactions from a single experimental time trace, in contrast to the standard approach that requires mapping a cross section of the phase diagram, with immediate applications to systems experiencing complex time-dependent interactions. Additionally, we demonstrate experimental access to and control over non-ergodic relaxation dynamics, where states of similar energy in the (nominally) thermal region of the energy spectrum retain a dependence on the initial state, via the manipulation of spinor phases, enabling the study of non-ergodic thermalization dynamics connected to quantum scarring.