Beam Cleaning and Collimation Systems

TL;DR

This paper reviews the design and operational challenges of collimation systems in particle accelerators, focusing on the CERN LHC's multistage system that achieves high cleaning performance to protect superconducting magnets.

Contribution

It provides a detailed case study of the LHC collimation system, highlighting its design, complexity, and operational challenges in high-energy particle accelerators.

Findings

LHC collimation system achieves unprecedented cleaning performance.

Design of multistage collimation systems is critical for high-energy accelerators.

Operational challenges include managing beam losses and protecting superconducting magnets.

Abstract

Collimation systems in particle accelerators are designed to safely and efficiently dispose of unavoidable beam losses during operation. Their specific roles vary depending on the type of accelerator. The state of the art in hadron beam collimation for high-intensity, high-energy superconducting colliders is exemplified by the system implemented at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In this machine, the stored beam energy reaches levels several orders of magnitude higher than the tiny energy required to quench superconducting magnets. It also exceeds by orders of magnitude the damage thresholds of typical accelerator components, placing stringent demands on beam loss control. Collimation systems are therefore essential for the reliable daily operation of modern accelerators. This lecture reviews the design of a multistage collimation system, using the LHC as a case study. The LHC collimation system has achieved unprecedented cleaning performance, with a level of complexity unmatched by any other accelerator. Design aspects and operational challenges of such large-scale collimation systems are also discussed.