A novel linear transport model with distinct scattering mechanisms for direction and speed

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new linear transport model with separate scattering mechanisms for speed and direction, analyzing its properties and deriving macroscopic limits with novel effective equations.

Contribution

It presents a novel kinetic equation with time-dependent marginals and non-standard operators, expanding the analytical framework beyond classical equilibrium-based methods.

Findings

Analysis of non-standard scattering operators and their pseudo-inverses

Derivation of asymptotic behavior and hydrodynamic limits

Identification of new effective equations in different scattering regimes

Abstract

We introduce a novel linear transport equation that models the evolution of a one-particle distribution subject to free transport and two distinct scattering mechanisms: one affecting the particle's speed and the other its direction. These scattering processes occur at different time scales and with different intensities, leading to a kinetic equation where the total scattering operator is the sum of two separate operators. Each of them depends not only on the kernel characterizing the corresponding scattering mechanism, but also explicitly on the marginal distribution of either the speed or the direction. Therefore, unlike classical settings, the gain terms in our operators are not tied to a fixed equilibrium distribution but evolve in time through the marginals. As a result, typical analytical tools from kinetic theory, such as equilibrium characterization, entropy methods, spectral analysis in Hilbert spaces, and Fredholm theory, are not applicable in a standard fashion. In this work, we rigorously analyze the properties of this new class of scattering operators, including the structure of their non-standard pseudo-inverses and their asymptotic behavior. We also derive macroscopic (hydrodynamic) limits under different regimes of scattering frequencies, revealing new effective equations and highlighting the interplay between speed and directional relaxation.