Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). Spectroscopic unveiling of highly ionised lines at z = 2.48-3.88

TL;DR

This paper identifies and characterizes a rare high-redshift population of sources with highly ionized emission lines, using Euclid spectroscopic data, revealing their properties and potential for future studies.

Contribution

First systematic analysis of high-redshift NeV emitters in Euclid data, demonstrating their spectral and host galaxy properties compared to control sources.

Findings

65 NeV candidate sources identified at z=2.48-3.88

Spectral measurements consistent across methods within 1σ

NeV candidates have QSO-like colors and higher stellar masses

Abstract

This study explores a rare population of sources in a currently uncharted region of spectroscopic redshift space in the Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1), and is intended potentially to support upcoming spectroscopic studies. Our goal is to identify and investigate a population of sources characterised by highly ionised emission lines in their spectra, which are indicative of active galactic nucleus activity, extreme shock phenomena, or Wolf--Rayet stars. A comprehensive visual inspection of spectra is conducted to ensure the reliability of the sample, focusing on the simultaneous detection of both NeV and OII emission-line measurements, a condition that restricts the Euclid spectroscopic redshift range to z=2.48--3.88. To characterise this population, we analysed the morpho-spectrophotometric properties of their host galaxies. This allowed for a direct comparison with control sources that exhibit similar OII properties and spectroscopic redshifts, but not NeV lines. We identify sources solely based on spectroscopic criteria in the redshift range beyond the Halpha regime. Encompassing 65 potential NeV candidates, the resulting sample delivers the first systematic probe of these NeV candidate emitters at high redshift. We found a good agreement, within 1$\sigma$, between the spectral measurements calculated using both direct integration and Gaussian fitting methodologies. The NeV candidates exhibit colours similar to bright QSOs, with only a few in the tail of very red quasars. We observed a higher stellar mass content, a lower continuum around the 4000A break, and a similar S\'{e}rsic index distribution compared to the control sample. This unique sample paves the way for a wide range of scientific investigations, which will be pursued in the forthcoming data releases.