Mittag-Leffler Quantum Statistics and Thermodynamic Anomalies

TL;DR

This paper introduces Mittag Leffler-based quantum distributions that generalize Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics, revealing novel thermodynamic phenomena like condensation without interactions and negative heat capacity.

Contribution

It extends superstatistical models to quantum statistics using Mittag Leffler functions, creating a unified framework for bosonic and fermionic behaviors with nonequilibrium effects.

Findings

MLBE distribution shows Bose-Einstein-like condensation without interactions

MLFD distribution exhibits negative heat capacity at low temperatures

Deformation parameter  interpolates between bosonic and fermionic statistics

Abstract

Building upon the framework established in our recent work [M. Seifi et al., Phys. Rev. E 111, 054114 (2025)], wherein a generalized Maxwell Boltzmann distribution was formulated using the Mittag Leffler function within the superstatistical formalism, we extend this approach to the quantum domain. Specifically, we introduce two statistical distributions,termed the Mittag Leffler Bose Einstein (MLBE) and Mittag Leffler Fermi Dirac (MLFD) distributions, constructed by generalizing the conventional Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac distributions through the Mittag-Leffler function. This generalization incorporates a deformation parameter (\alpha), which facilitates a continuous interpolation between bosonic and fermionic statistics, while inherently capturing nonequilibrium effects and generalized thermodynamic behavior. We analyze the thermodynamic geometry associated with these distributions and identify significant departures from standard statistical models. Notably, the MLBE distribution manifests a Bose-Einstein-like condensation even in the absence of interactions, whereas the MLFD distribution exhibits unconventional features, such as negative heat capacity in the low-temperature regime. These findings highlight the pivotal role of statistical deformation in determining emergent macroscopic thermodynamic phenomena.