The final fate of anisotropic-dissipative gravitational collapse

TL;DR

This paper develops a geometric framework to understand how anisotropic dissipation influences the final outcome of stellar collapse, unifying conditions for black hole formation, bounce, or delayed trapping.

Contribution

It introduces a direction-sensitive threshold condition based on a geometric factor, linking anisotropic dissipation to collapse outcomes in a unified manner.

Findings

Derived inequalities for collapse outcomes based on angular-dependent opacity

Unified conditions for black hole formation, bounce, and delayed trapping

Framework applicable to various magnetic, temperature, and density profiles

Abstract

The final fate of a collapsing star depends not only on how much matter it contains but also on how that matter resists gravity in different directions. In this work, we investigate the final fate of highly magnetized radiation-dominated spherically symmetric dissipative stellar configurations. We study the dynamics of collapse by introducing a dimensionless geometric factor $f(\theta, \phi)$ defined by the angular dependence of the radiative opacity. Using the field equations, we derive direction-sensitive threshold conditions that determine whether collapse initiates, halts, or reverses. The resulting inequalities unify black hole formation, bounce behavior, and delayed trapping of geodesics into a single geometrically controlled framework. This theoretical analysis would help analyze the collapse through pre-computed opacity tables for different magnetic field, temperature, and density profiles, along with other data available for such considered profiles.