Stability of plane Couette and Poiseuille flows rotating about the streamwise axis

TL;DR

This study analyzes the linear stability and transition behaviors of streamwise rotating plane Poiseuille and Couette flows, revealing regimes of stability, critical parameters, and the emergence of turbulent-laminar patterns under various rotation rates.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive stability analysis of streamwise rotating flows, connecting low and high rotation regimes, and explores subcritical transition phenomena through numerical simulations.

Findings

Two asymptotic stability regimes depending on rotation rate.

Critical Reynolds number and wavenumbers scale with rotation rate.

Identification of conditions leading to turbulent-laminar patterns.

Abstract

We study the stability of plane Poiseuille flow (PPF) and plane Couette flow (PCF) subject to streamwise system rotation using linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulations. The linear stability analysis reveals two asymptotic regimes depending on the non-dimensional rotation rate ($Ro$): a low-$Ro$ and a high-$Ro$ regime. In the low-$Ro$ regime, the critical Reynolds number $Re_c$ and critical streamwise wavenumber $\alpha_c$ are proportional to $Ro$, while the critical spanwise wavenumber $\beta_c$ is constant. In the high-$Ro$ regime, as $Ro \rightarrow \infty$, we find $Re_c = 66.45$ and $\beta_c = 2.459$ for streamwise rotating PPF, and $Re_c = 20.66$ and $\beta_c = 1.558$ for streamwise rotating PCF, with $\alpha_c\propto 1/Ro$. Our results for streamwise rotating PPF match previous findings by Masuda et al. (2008). Interestingly, the critical values of $\beta_c$ and $Re_c$ at $Ro \rightarrow \infty$ in streamwise rotating PPF and PCF coincide with the minimum $Re_c$ reported by Lezius & Johnston (1976) and Wall & Nagata (2006) for spanwise rotating PPF at $Ro=0.3366$ and PCF at $Ro=0.5$. We explain this similarity through an analysis of the perturbation equations. Consequently, the linear stability of streamwise rotating PCF at large $Ro$ is closely related to that of spanwise rotating PCF and Rayleigh-Benard convection, with $Re_c = \sqrt{Ra_c}/2$, where $Ra_c$ is the critical Rayleigh number. To explore the potential for subcritical transitions, direct numerical simulations were performed. At low $Ro$, a subcritical transition regime emerges, characterized by large-scale turbulent-laminar patterns in streamwise rotating PPF and PCF. However, at higher $Ro$, subcritical transitions do not occur and the flow relaminarizes for $Re < Re_c$. Furthermore, we identify a narrow $Ro$-range where turbulent-laminar patterns develop under supercritical conditions.