Decarbonization of Steam Cracking for Clean Olefins Production: Optimal Microgrid Scheduling

TL;DR

This paper proposes a stochastic optimization framework for microgrid scheduling to facilitate the electrification and decarbonization of steam cracking in ethylene production, highlighting economic and technical challenges.

Contribution

It introduces a novel superstructure and optimization method for electrified steam cracking microgrids considering uncertainties, advancing the integration of renewable energy in chemical manufacturing.

Findings

Electrification's economic viability depends on cleaner, cheaper grid electricity.

Energy storage costs significantly impact decarbonization feasibility.

Coordination between chemical and power systems enhances optimization outcomes.

Abstract

Ethylene is one of the most ubiquitous chemicals and is predominantly produced through steam cracking. However, steam cracking is highly energy- and carbon-intensive, making its decarbonization a priority. Electrifying the steam cracking process is a promising pathway to reduce carbon emissions. However, this is challenged by the intrinsic conflict between the continuous operational nature of ethylene plants and the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources in modern power systems. A viable solution is to pursue a gradual electrification pathway and operate an ethylene plant as a microgrid that adopts diverse energy sources. To optimize the operational strategy of such a microgrid considering uncertainties in renewable energy generation and market prices, in this work, we propose a novel superstructure for electrified steam cracking systems and introduce a stochastic optimization framework for minimizing the operating costs. Results from a case study show that, given the current status of the power grid and renewable energy generation technologies, the process economics and sustainability of electrified steam cracking do not always favor higher decarbonization levels. To overcome this barrier, electricity from the main grid must be cleaner and cheaper, and energy storage costs per unit stored must decrease. Furthermore, it is important for both chemical and power systems stakeholders must seamlessly coordinate with each other to pursue joint optimization in operation.