Out-of-equilibrium contributions to charm hadrons in a fluid-dynamic approach

TL;DR

This paper extends a fluid-dynamic model of charm quarks in quark-gluon plasma by calculating out-of-equilibrium effects on charm hadron distributions, aiding the extraction of transport coefficients.

Contribution

It introduces a method to compute out-of-equilibrium contributions to charm hadron distributions within a fluid-dynamic framework, improving the understanding of charm transport in quark-gluon plasma.

Findings

Exact computation of charm hadron yields and transverse momentum distributions.

Identification of the momentum region where the distribution remains positive.

Framework for systematic determination of charm transport coefficients.

Abstract

Building on previous studies that demonstrated the applicability of a fluid-dynamic description of charm quarks in the quark-gluon plasma, the present work extends the framework by computing the out-of-equilibrium contributions to the distribution function of charm hadrons. The analysis includes corrections arising from the initial out-of-equilibrium distribution of charm quarks after a free-streaming phase, as well as from the freeze-out surface within fluid dynamics. These results enable the exact computation of integrated yields and transverse momentum distributions of charm hadrons for different values of the spatial diffusion coefficient, thereby providing the basis for a systematic determination of the charm transport coefficients. In addition, the limits of applicability of the approach are identified by determining the transverse-momentum region in which charm hadrons are described by a well-defined, positive distribution function.