Dynamics of entanglement fluctuations and quantum Mpemba effect in the $\nu=1$ QSSEP model

TL;DR

This paper investigates the full distribution of entanglement fluctuations in a stochastic free-fermion chain, extending quasiparticle models to include correlations and exploring the quantum Mpemba effect's rarity.

Contribution

It introduces a generalized quasiparticle framework incorporating noise-induced correlations to analyze entanglement dynamics and symmetry restoration.

Findings

Extended quasiparticle picture captures full entanglement distribution.

Restoration of particle-number symmetry analyzed in noisy dynamics.

Quantum Mpemba effect is highly fine-tuned and unlikely to be observed.

Abstract

We study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of entanglement fluctuations in the $\nu=1$ Quantum Symmetric Simple Exclusion Process, a free-fermion chain with hopping amplitudes that are stochastic in time but homogeneous in space. Previous work showed that the average entanglement growth after a quantum quench can be explained in terms of pairs of entangled quasiparticles performing random walks, leading to diffusive entanglement spreading. By incorporating the noise-induced statistical correlations between the quasiparticles, we extend this description to the full-time probability distribution of the entanglement entropy. Our generalized quasiparticle picture allows us to compute the average time evolution of a generic function of the reduced density matrix of a subsystem. We also apply our result to the entanglement asymmetry. This allows us to investigate the restoration of particle-number symmetry in the dynamics from initial states with no well-defined particle number. Regarding the possible existence of the quantum Mpemba effect, our analysis indicates that its occurrence is an extremely fine-tuned phenomenon, requiring very specific conditions and therefore being rather difficult to observe in practice.