Unusual periodic modulation in the radio emission of the methane dwarf binary WISEP J101905.63+652954.2

TL;DR

This study reports the discovery of an unusual periodic modulation in the radio emission of the methane dwarf binary WISEP J101905.63+652954.2, revealing complex magnetospheric phenomena and a second periodic signature that may originate from the binary components.

Contribution

The paper presents long-term LOFAR observations of a methane dwarf binary, discovering an unexpected secondary periodicity in its radio emission, suggesting complex magnetic interactions.

Findings

Detected a second periodic signature at approximately 0.787 hours.

Estimated the duty cycle of radio emission from methane dwarfs to be around 3%.

Estimated the radio-loud fraction of methane dwarfs at about 8.8%.

Abstract

Brown dwarfs display Jupiter-like auroral phenomena, such as rotationally modulated electron cyclotron maser radio emission. Radio observations of cyclotron maser emission can be used to measure their magnetic field strength, topology, and to deduce the presence of magnetically interacting exoplanets. Observations of the coldest brown dwarfs (spectral types T and Y) are especially intriguing, as their magnetospheric phenomena could closely resemble those of gas-giant exoplanets. Here we report observations made over ten epochs, amounting to 44 hours, of WISEP J101905.63+652954.2 (J1019+65 hereinafter) using the LOFAR telescope between 120 and 168 MHz. J1019+65 is a methane dwarf binary (T5.5+T7) whose radio emission was originally detected in a single-epoch LOFAR observation to be highly circular polarised and rotationally modulated at $\approx 3$h. Unexpectedly, our long-term monitoring reveals an additional periodic signature at $\approx 0.787$h. We consider several explanations for the second period and suggest that it could be the rotationally modulated emission of the second brown dwarf in the binary, although follow-up infrared observations are necessary to confirm this hypothesis. In addition, the data also allow us to statistically estimate the duty cycle and observed radio-loud fraction of the 120-168\,MHz cyclotron emission from methane dwarfs to be $\langle D \rangle = 0.030^{+0.034}_{-0.030}$ and $F^{'}_{\rm radio} = 0.088^{+0.168}_{-0.088}$ respectively.