Evolution of accretion disc-corona in the TDE Candidate AT 2019avd

TL;DR

This study models the evolution of the accretion disc and corona in the TDE candidate AT 2019avd, revealing how coronal energy fraction decreases with increasing accretion rate and highlighting differences from typical AGNs.

Contribution

It introduces a disc-corona model applied to TDE observations, showing unique correlations and spectral properties that differ from AGNs, suggesting stronger magnetic fields and complex absorption.

Findings

Coronal energy fraction decreases as accretion rate increases.

The X-ray spectrum is softer than in typical AGNs.

Absorption patterns correlate with accretion rate evolution.

Abstract

X-ray observations of the tidal disruption event (TDE) candidate AT 2019avd show drastic variabilities in flux and spectral shape over hundreds of days, providing clues on the accretion disc-corona evolution. We utilize a disc-corona model, in which a fraction of the gravitational energy released in the disc is transported into the hot corona above/below. Some soft photons emitted from the disc are upscattered to X-ray photons by the hot electrons in the optically thin corona. By fitting the NICER observations of AT 2019avd during epochs when the spectra exhibit significant hardening, we derive the evolution of the mass accretion rate, $\dot{m}$, and the coronal energy fraction, $f$. Our results show that $f$ decreases with increasing $\dot{m}$, which is qualitatively consistent with that observed in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), while the slope of this source, $f\propto \dot{m}^{-0.30}$, is much shallower than that of AGNs. We also find that the non-thermal X-ray spectrum in this source is significantly softer than those typically seen in AGNs and black-hole X-ray binaries. We argue that these quantitative differences can be a powerful diagnostic of the underlying magnetic turbulence, which may imply a stronger magnetic field within the TDE accretion disc than that in typical AGNs. It is also found that the evolution of the fitted neutral hydrogen column density follows a similar pattern to that of the accretion rate evolution, which may reflect the accumulation of absorbing material originating from the inflowing streams of stellar debris and/or other related sources.