Cram\'er-Rao Bound Optimization for Fluid Antenna-Empowered Integrated Sensing and Uplink Communication System

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel optimization framework for fluid antenna-enabled integrated sensing and communication systems, significantly enhancing performance by minimizing the Cramér-Rao bound through joint design of beamforming, power, and antenna positioning.

Contribution

It proposes an efficient iterative algorithm leveraging MM and PDD methods to optimize fluid antenna configurations for improved ISAC system performance, addressing a complex non-convex problem.

Findings

Significant reduction in estimation error bounds for target angle detection.

Enhanced communication and sensing performance with fluid antenna deployment.

Demonstrated efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed optimization algorithm.

Abstract

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising solution for the future sixth-generation (6G) system. However, classical fixed-position antenna (FPA) ISAC systems fail to fully utilize spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs), resulting in limited gains for both radar sensing and communication functionalities. This challenge can be addressed by the emerging novel fluid antenna (FA) technology, which can pursue better channel conditions and improve sensing and communication performances. In this paper, we aim to minimize the Cram\'er-Rao bound (CRB) for estimating the target's angle while guaranteeing communication performance. This involves jointly optimizing active beamforming, power allocation, receiving filters, and FA position configurations, which is a highly non-convex problem. To tackle this difficulty, we propose an efficient iterative solution that analytically optimizes all variables without relying on numerical solvers, i.e., CVX. Specifically, by leveraging cutting-edge majorization-minimization (MM) and penalty-dual-decomposition (PDD) methods, we develop a low-complexity algorithm to solve the beamformer configuration problem containing the fractional and quartic terms. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed algorithm, highlighting significant performance improvements achieved by employing FA in the ISAC system.