Covariance of Scattering Amplitudes from Counting Carefully

TL;DR

This paper proves the covariance of on-shell scattering amplitudes using combinatorial methods and provides explicit covariant formulas for tree-level functions, enhancing the understanding of amplitude invariance under field redefinitions.

Contribution

It offers a combinatorial proof of covariance and derives explicit covariant formulas for tree-level on-shell connected functions, independent of specific Lagrangian formulations.

Findings

Proof of covariance of on-shell connected functions

Existence of covariant Feynman rules

Explicit covariant formula for tree-level functions

Abstract

Invariance of on-shell scattering amplitudes under field redefinitions is a well known property in field theory that corresponds to covariance of on-shell amputated connected functions. In recent years there have been great efforts to define a formalism in which the covariance is manifest at all stages of calculation, mainly resorting to geometrical interpretations. In this work covariance is analysed using combinatorial methods relying only on the properties of the tree level effective action, without referring to specific formulations of the Lagrangian. We provide an explicit proof of covariance of on-shell connected functions and of the existence of covariant Feynman rules and we derive an explicitly covariant closed formula for tree level on-shell connected functions with any number of external legs.