Dual-Bus Resonator for Multi-Port Spectral Engineering

TL;DR

This paper introduces a dual-bus resonator design that independently controls coupling regimes and resonance lineshapes, enabling advanced spectral engineering in integrated photonics across broad wavelengths.

Contribution

The work presents a novel dual-bus racetrack resonator that decouples critical coupling, transmission zeros, and intra-cavity power, allowing independent control and broadband operation.

Findings

Demonstrated wavelength-dependent Lorentzian-to-Fano lineshaping.

Achieved independent channel-specific coupling regimes.

Operates broadband from visible to mid-infrared.

Abstract

Microresonators are essential in integrated photonics, enabling optical filters, modulators, sensors, and frequency converters. Their spectral response is governed by bus-to-resonator coupling, typically classified as under-, critical-, or over-coupling. Conventional single-bus designs inevitably link the conditions for critical coupling, a transmission zero, and maximum intra-cavity power, preventing independent control of these phenomena and restricting the ability to engineer coupling regimes and resonance lineshapes. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a dual-bus racetrack resonator that breaks this constraint. Our design demonstrates complementary channel-specific coupling regimes and enables wavelength-dependent Lorentzian-to-Fano lineshaping. We model the device using three-waveguide coupled-mode theory and pole-zero analysis, which reveals that transmission zeros are decoupled from cavity-defined critical coupling and maximum intra-cavity power. Furthermore, the dual-bus scheme operates broadband, spanning visible to mid-infrared across all four transmission channels, highlighting its spectral richness and platform independence. These results establish a general framework for multi-port spectral engineering in integrated photonics, with broad implications for tunable filters, modulators, sensors, and nonlinear optical systems.