Simultaneous ping-pong for finite subgroups of reductive groups

TL;DR

This paper develops a criterion for identifying elements in Zariski-dense subgroups of reductive groups that form free products with given finite subgroups, with applications to algebraic groups, group rings, and longstanding conjectures.

Contribution

It introduces a new criterion for simultaneous ping-pong in reductive groups and applies it to various algebraic and group ring contexts, addressing open questions.

Findings

Established a density criterion for simultaneous ping-pong elements in reductive groups.

Applied the criterion to direct products of inner forms of PGL_n, answering a specific open question.

Proved density of bicyclic units in group rings, confirming a long-standing belief.

Abstract

Let $\Gamma$ be a Zariski-dense subgroup of a reductive group $\mathbf{G}$ defined over a field $F$. Given a finite collection of finite subgroups $H_i$ ($i \in I$) of $\mathbf{G}(F)$ avoiding the center, we establish a criterion to ensure that the set of elements of $\Gamma$ that form a free product with every $H_i$ (the so-called simultaneous ping-pong partners for $H_i$) is both Zariski- and profinitely dense in $\Gamma$. This criterion applies namely to direct products $\mathbf{G}$ of inner $\mathbb{R}$-forms of $\operatorname{(P)GL}_n$, and gives a positive answer to this particular case of a question asked by Bekka, Cowling and de la Harpe. For torsion elements, a complication arises due to the fact that a finite cyclic group can split into a direct product. When $\mathbf{G}$ is the multiplicative group of a semisimple algebra, we also give a more explicit method to obtain free products between two given finite subgroups, via first-order deformations. In the second half, we investigate the case where $\mathbf{G}$ is the multiplicative group of the group algebra $FG$ of a finite group $G$, and $\Gamma$ is the group of units of an order in $FG$. In this regard, we prove that the set of bicylic units that play ping-pong with a given shifted bicyclic unit, is Zariski- and profinitely dense, addressing a long-standing belief in the field of group rings. This result is deduced from the criterion above, combined with sharp existence results for well-behaved irreducible representations of $G$ that are center-preserving on a given subgroup.