Artificial Intelligence Based Predictive Maintenance for Electric Buses

TL;DR

This paper presents a novel AI-driven predictive maintenance system for electric buses, utilizing graph-based feature selection and machine learning to improve alarm prediction accuracy and interpretability, thereby supporting proactive maintenance.

Contribution

It introduces a hybrid graph-based feature selection method combined with AI models for electric bus alarm prediction, enhancing data analysis and model interpretability.

Findings

Effective prediction of vehicle alarms achieved

Enhanced feature interpretability with LIME

Supports proactive maintenance strategies

Abstract

Predictive maintenance (PdM) is crucial for optimizing efficiency and minimizing downtime of electric buses. While these vehicles provide environmental benefits, they pose challenges for PdM due to complex electric transmission and battery systems. Traditional maintenance, often based on scheduled inspections, struggles to capture anomalies in multi-dimensional real-time CAN Bus data. This study employs a graph-based feature selection method to analyze relationships among CAN Bus parameters of electric buses and investigates the prediction performance of targeted alarms using artificial intelligence techniques. The raw data collected over two years underwent extensive preprocessing to ensure data quality and consistency. A hybrid graph-based feature selection tool was developed by combining statistical filtering (Pearson correlation, Cramer's V, ANOVA F-test) with optimization-based community detection algorithms (InfoMap, Leiden, Louvain, Fast Greedy). Machine learning models, including SVM, Random Forest, and XGBoost, were optimized through grid and random search with data balancing via SMOTEEN and binary search-based down-sampling. Model interpretability was achieved using LIME to identify the features influencing predictions. The results demonstrate that the developed system effectively predicts vehicle alarms, enhances feature interpretability, and supports proactive maintenance strategies aligned with Industry 4.0 principles.