Blockchain Signatures to Ensure Information Integrity and Non-Repudiation in the Digital Era: A comprehensive study

TL;DR

This comprehensive study analyzes various digital signature schemes in blockchain systems, emphasizing their role in ensuring data integrity and non-repudiation, and discusses practical tradeoffs affecting system security and performance.

Contribution

It provides a detailed survey and comparison of signature schemes in blockchain, highlighting their cryptographic foundations, security properties, and practical deployment considerations.

Findings

Digital signatures are crucial for non-repudiation in blockchain.

Tradeoffs exist between security features and performance metrics.

Post-quantum readiness and interoperability are key future directions.

Abstract

Blockchain systems rely on decentralized ledgers and strong security guarantees. A key requirement is non-repudiation, which prevents denial of transaction authorship and supports integrity of recorded data. This work surveys digital signature schemes used in blockchain platforms and analyzes how they deliver non-repudiation and contribute to overall system security. We examine representative scheme families and their cryptographic foundations, security assumptions, and properties relevant to deployment, including unforgeability, resistance to malleability, support for aggregation and multisignature or threshold settings, key and signature sizes, and verification cost. Using these criteria, we compare the suitability of different designs for consensus protocols, smart contract constraints, and resource limits. We highlight practical tradeoffs that affect throughput, storage, scalability, and attack surfaces, and summarize benefits and limitations of each scheme in blockchain contexts. The study underscores that carefully chosen digital signatures are central to achieving non-repudiation and preserving information integrity, and it outlines implementation considerations and open directions such as interoperability and post-quantum readiness.