Power- and time-dependent equivalent circuit models for waveform-selective metasurfaces with varying electromagnetic responses to repeated pulses at the same frequency

TL;DR

This paper introduces analytical equivalent circuit models that accurately predict the power- and time-dependent electromagnetic responses of waveform-selective metasurfaces, enabling advanced control over wave behavior based on pulse width.

Contribution

The authors develop the first analytical circuit models incorporating voltage-dependent diode resistance to predict complex waveform-selective metasurface responses.

Findings

Models accurately predict power- and time-dependent responses.

Concepts extend to various metasurface types and complex scenarios.

Effective control of electromagnetic behavior using pulse width.

Abstract

Waveform-selective metasurfaces offer unprecedented control over electromagnetic waves on the basis of pulse width. However, existing circuit models fail to capture the power-dependent behaviors of these metasurfaces, thereby limiting their use in practical applications. Here, for the first time, we present analytical equivalent circuit models that accurately predict both power- and time-dependent responses by incorporating voltage-dependent diode resistance through the Maclaurin series and Wright omega functions. As a result, the variations in the input power and time domain are effectively predicted theoretically. Moreover, our concept is successfully extended to different types of waveform-selective metasurfaces and increasingly complex scenarios, including repeated pulses and nonresonant frequencies. Thus, our equivalent circuit approach can readily explain and quantify the electromagnetic behaviors of waveform-selective metasurfaces. This strategy provides a high degree of control for addressing complex electromagnetic problems by leveraging pulse width as a tuning parameter, even at a fixed frequency.