Shifting norms in scholarly publications: trends in readability, objectivity, authorship, and AI use

TL;DR

This study analyzes 17 million research papers since 2000, revealing trends towards more authors, references, longer abstracts, increased hyperbole, and AI use, raising concerns about research integrity and impact metrics.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive large-scale analysis of publication trends, highlighting the pervasive increase in authorship, references, and AI use across multiple fields since 2000.

Findings

More authors and references over time

Decline in author productivity suggesting gift authorship

Rise in AI usage impacting readability and objectivity

Abstract

Academic and scientific publishing practices have changed significantly in recent years. This paper presents an analysis of 17 million research papers published since 2000 to explore changes in authorship and content practices. It shows a clear trend towards more authors, more references and longer abstracts. While increased authorship has been reported elsewhere, the present analysis shows that it is pervasive across many major fields of study. We also identify a decline in author productivity which suggests that `gift' authorship (the inclusion of authors who have not contributed significantly to a work) may be a significant factor. We further report on a tendency for authors to use more hyperbole, perhaps exaggerating their contributions to compete for the limited attention of reviewers, and often at the expense of readability. This has been especially acute since 2023, as AI has been increasingly used across many fields of study, but particularly in fields such as Computer Science, Engineering and Business. In summary, many of these changes are causes of significant concern. Increased authorship counts and gift authorship have the potential to distort impact metrics such as field-weighted citation impact andh-index, while increased AI usage may compromise readability and objectivity.