Searching for emergent spacetime in spin glasses

TL;DR

This paper investigates spectral functions of various many-body quantum systems with quenched disorder to identify signs of emergent spacetime and holographic duality, revealing exponential tails and quasiparticle excitations.

Contribution

It computes spectral functions of the SYK, p-spin, and SU(M) Heisenberg models, linking spectral tails to potential holographic dualities and emergent spacetime features.

Findings

Spectral functions develop exponential tails in spin glass phases.

Presence of quasiparticle excitations suggests emergent algebraic structures.

Exponential tails imply no low-energy operator can detect bulk causal structure.

Abstract

Recent work on algebraic formulations of holographic dualities in terms of large $N$ algebras has revealed a deep connection between the properties of the associated spectral functions and the emergence of a semiclassical spacetime and causal horizons therein. One of the main lessons is that, for a radial direction to emerge, the spectral function has to exhibit non-compact support. Furthermore, there exist conjectures upon a possible duality between complex gravitational configurations and glassy systems. The goal of this paper is to combine these ideas by studying many-body quantum-mechanical systems and assess in which parameter regimes they could potentially be holographic. Thus, we compute the spectral functions of three many-body systems with quenched disorder, the SYK model, the $p$-spin model and the SU$(M)$ Heisenberg chain in the large $N$ limit and present results in different parameter regimes. Our main finding is that in the quantum spin glass phase of the SU$(M)$ Heisenberg model, the spectral function develops an exponential tail, similar to the large $q$ limit of SYK. Furthermore, we demonstrate the presence of an infinite family of quasiparticle excitations deep in the spin liquid phase of the $p$-spin model, which could point towards an emergent type I von Neumann algebra. In addition, we demonstrate the presence of an exponential tail in the spectral function for all cases without compact support and conformal symmetry. Motivated by this observation, we prove that no low-energy operator can detect a nontrivial bulk causal structure, if the spectral function has exponentially decaying tails.