DyPE: Dynamic Position Extrapolation for Ultra High Resolution Diffusion

TL;DR

DyPE is a training-free method that enables pre-trained diffusion transformers to generate ultra-high-resolution images by dynamically adjusting positional encodings based on the diffusion process's spectral progression.

Contribution

DyPE introduces a novel spectral-based dynamic positional encoding adjustment that allows ultra-high-resolution image synthesis without additional training or sampling costs.

Findings

Enables generation of images with over 16 million pixels.

Consistently improves performance on multiple benchmarks.

Achieves state-of-the-art fidelity in ultra-high-resolution image generation.

Abstract

Diffusion Transformer models can generate images with remarkable fidelity and detail, yet training them at ultra-high resolutions remains extremely costly due to the self-attention mechanism's quadratic scaling with the number of image tokens. In this paper, we introduce Dynamic Position Extrapolation (DyPE), a novel, training-free method that enables pre-trained diffusion transformers to synthesize images at resolutions far beyond their training data, with no additional sampling cost. DyPE takes advantage of the spectral progression inherent to the diffusion process, where low-frequency structures converge early, while high-frequencies take more steps to resolve. Specifically, DyPE dynamically adjusts the model's positional encoding at each diffusion step, matching their frequency spectrum with the current stage of the generative process. This approach allows us to generate images at resolutions that exceed the training resolution dramatically, e.g., 16 million pixels using FLUX. On multiple benchmarks, DyPE consistently improves performance and achieves state-of-the-art fidelity in ultra-high-resolution image generation, with gains becoming even more pronounced at higher resolutions. Project page is available at https://noamissachar.github.io/DyPE/.