Fundamental Limits of Cooperative Integrated Sensing and Communications over Low-Earth Orbit THz Satellite Channels
Haofan Dong, Houtianfu Wang, Hanlin Cai, Ozgur B. Akan

TL;DR
This paper establishes fundamental performance bounds for cooperative sensing over LEO THz satellite links, highlighting hardware, phase noise, interference, and correlation effects on sensing accuracy.
Contribution
It introduces a Network Cramér-Rao Lower Bound framework that accounts for dynamic topology, hardware impairments, phase noise, and cooperation, providing new insights into performance limits.
Findings
Hardware and phase noise set power-independent performance ceilings and floors.
Interference coefficients enable opportunistic sensing with significant gains.
Shared timing references do not degrade, and can improve, sensing performance.
Abstract
Terahertz inter-satellite links enable unprecedented sensing precision for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations, yet face fundamental bounds from hardware impairments, pointing errors, and network interference. We develop a Network Cram\'er-Rao Lower Bound (N-CRLB) framework incorporating dynamic topology, hardware quality factor , phase noise , and cooperative effects through recursive Fisher Information analysis. Our analysis reveals three key insights: (i) hardware and phase noise create power-independent performance ceilings () and floors (), with power-only scaling saturating above ; (ii) interference coefficients enable opportunistic sensing with demonstrated gains…
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Taxonomy
TopicsSatellite Communication Systems · Superconducting and THz Device Technology · Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology
