CodeCRDT: Observation-Driven Coordination for Multi-Agent LLM Code Generation

TL;DR

CodeCRDT introduces an observation-driven, conflict-free coordination method for multi-agent LLM code generation, enabling lock-free parallelism with measurable speedups and trade-offs, formalized through empirical analysis.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel coordination pattern using CRDTs for multi-agent LLM systems, reducing communication overhead and enabling conflict-free parallel code generation.

Findings

Up to 21.1% speedup on some tasks

100% convergence with no merge failures

Semantic conflict rates of 5-10%

Abstract

Multi-agent LLM systems fail to realize parallel speedups due to costly coordination. We present CodeCRDT, an observation-driven coordination pattern where agents coordinate by monitoring a shared state with observable updates and deterministic convergence, rather than explicit message passing. Using Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs), CodeCRDT enables lock-free, conflict-free concurrent code generation with strong eventual consistency. Evaluation across 600 trials (6 tasks, 50 runs per mode) shows both benefits and trade-offs: up to 21.1% speedup on some tasks, up to 39.4% slowdown on others, and 100% convergence with zero merge failures. The study formalizes observation-driven coordination for stochastic LLM agents, revealing semantic conflict rates (5-10%) and quality-performance tradeoffs, and provides empirical characterization of when parallel coordination succeeds versus fails based on task structure.