Revisiting RFID Missing Tag Identification

TL;DR

This paper analyzes and improves RFID missing tag identification, providing theoretical bounds and a novel algorithm with significantly reduced execution time using a new data structure.

Contribution

It offers a comprehensive comparison of existing methods, establishes lower bounds, and introduces a new efficient algorithm with a collision-partition tree structure.

Findings

Best existing solution has expected time $ heta(N + ((1-eta)^2 (1- ho)^2)/ heta^2)$.

Theoretical lower bound on execution time is $ heta(N/ ext{log} N + ((1-eta)^2 (1- ho)^2)/( heta^2 ext{log} rac{(1-eta)(1- ho)}{ heta}))$.

Proposed algorithm reduces time complexity by up to $ ext{log} N$ compared to previous methods.

Abstract

We revisit the problem of missing tag identification in RFID networks by making three contributions. Firstly, we quantitatively compare and gauge the existing propositions spanning over a decade on missing tag identification. We show that the expected execution time of the best solution in the literature is $\Theta \left(N+\frac{(1-\alpha)^2(1-\delta)^2}{ \epsilon^2}\right)$, where $\delta$ and $\epsilon$ are parameters quantifying the required identification accuracy, $N$ denotes the number of tags in the system, among which $\alpha N$ tags are missing. Secondly, we analytically establish the expected execution time lower-bound for any missing tag identification algorithm as $\Theta\left(\frac{N}{\log N}+\frac{(1-\delta)^2(1-\alpha)^2}{\epsilon^2 \log \frac{(1-\delta)(1-\alpha)}{\epsilon}}\right)$, thus giving the theoretical performance limit. Thirdly, we develop a novel missing tag identification algorithm by leveraging a tree structure with the expected execution time of $\Theta \left(\frac{\log\log N}{\log N}N+\frac{(1-\alpha)^2(1-\delta)^2}{ \epsilon^2}\right)$, reducing the time overhead by a factor of up to $\log N$ over the best algorithm in the literature. The key technicality in our design is a novel data structure termed as collision-partition tree (CPT), built on a subset of bits in tag pseudo-IDs, leading to more balanced tree structure and reducing the time complexity in parsing the entire tree.