Theoretical Aspects of $b \to s \bar{\ell}\ell$ Decays

TL;DR

This paper investigates whether charm rescattering effects within the Standard Model could explain observed anomalies in $b o s ar{ ext{lepton}} ext{lepton}$ decays, suggesting that such effects might mimic signals of new physics.

Contribution

The study models charm rescattering contributions using heavy-hadron chiral perturbation theory to assess their impact on Wilson coefficient $C_9$ in $b o s ar{ ext{lepton}} ext{lepton}$ decays.

Findings

Charm rescattering can cause a ~20% shift in $C_9$ with fine-tuning.

Such effects could produce a $q^2$-dependent shift, unlike current experimental indications.

Natural scenarios suggest effects are around 5%, less likely to explain anomalies alone.

Abstract

Flavor-changing neutral current decays such as $b \to s \bar{\ell} \ell$ are highly suppressed in the Standard Model (SM) and therefore provide sensitive tests for new physics. Persistent tensions between SM predictions and experimental results in branching ratios and angular observables can be explained by a shift of the Wilson coefficient $C_9$ of the effective operator $O_9$ by $\sim 20 \%$ relative to the SM value. This shift could arise from a non-standard short-distance contribution or from an inaccurate description of long-distance dynamics, particularly charm rescattering contributions. We therefore investigate charm rescattering contributions in $B^0 \to K^0 \bar{\ell}\ell$ using a model of fundamental hadronic degrees of freedom inspired by heavy-hadron chiral perturbation theory and improved by appropriate form factors as well as experimental data. Our analysis shows that such effects, with a high degree of fine-tuning, could shift $C_9$ by $\sim 20\%$, at the cost of introducing a more pronounced $q^2$ dependence, whereas experimental data are consistent with a $q^2$-independent shift of $C_9$ with the current experimental uncertainties. In the most natural scenario, we find these effects to be of the order of $\sim 5\%$. Connections with other flavor anomalies further illustrate the strong discovery potential of $b \to s \bar{\ell} \ell$ modes.