Interplay of Noise and Reservoir-induced Decoherence in Persistent Currents

TL;DR

This paper investigates how noise and reservoir coupling affect persistent currents in quantum rings, revealing non-monotonic decoherence mechanisms and proposing experimental realizations in ultracold atoms.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of the combined effects of stochastic noise and reservoir coupling on persistent currents, highlighting two distinct decoherence mechanisms in non-equilibrium steady states.

Findings

Persistent current exhibits non-monotonic behavior under noise and reservoir effects.

Coherence length is inversely proportional to reservoir coupling strength.

The interplay creates a non-equilibrium steady state with a flattened distribution.

Abstract

Persistent current is a hallmark of quantum phase coherence. We study the fate of the persistent current in a non-equilibrium setting, where a tight-binding ring is subjected to stochastic disorder as well as a fermionic reservoir attached to each site. We evaluate the current using Keldysh technique and find that it exhibits non-monotonic behavior, suggesting two distinct mechanisms of decoherence. While coupling to the reservoirs introduces a coherence length scale given by the inverse of the coupling strength, the other mechanism is more subtle and driven by the ratio of noise strength to reservoir coupling. The interplay of noise and reservoir constitutes a purely non-equilibrium steady state with a flatter distribution function that we effectively describe using classical rate equations. We discuss possibilities of realizing our findings in ultracold-atom experiments.