# Computational study of interactions between ionized glyphosate and carbon nanotube: An alternative for mitigating environmental contamination

## TL;DR

This computational study explores how ionized glyphosate interacts with carbon nanotubes, revealing pH-dependent adsorption behaviors that could inform environmental remediation strategies.

## Contribution

It provides new insights into glyphosate-CNT interactions across different ionization states using semi-empirical simulations, highlighting potential for environmental cleanup.

## Key findings

- Glyphosate in certain ionization states exhibits strong CNT interactions.
- Molecular protonation significantly affects adsorption affinity.
- CNTs show promise for glyphosate environmental remediation.

## Abstract

The extensive use of glyphosate in agriculture has raised environmental concerns due to its adverse effects on plants, animals, microorganisms, and humans. This study investigates the interactions between ionized glyphosate and single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) using computational simulations through semi-empirical tight-binding methods (GFN2-xTB) implemented in the xTB software. The analysis focused on different glyphosate ionization states corresponding to various pH levels: G1 (pH < 2), G2 (pH ~ 2-3), G3 (pH ~ 4-6), G4 (pH ~ 7-10), and G5 (pH > 10.6). Results revealed that glyphosate in G1, G3, G4, and G5 forms exhibited stronger interactions with CNT, demonstrating higher adsorption energies and greater electronic coupling. The neutral state (G2) showed lower affinity, indicating that molecular protonation significantly influences adsorption. Topological analysis and molecular dynamics confirmed the presence of covalent, non-covalent, and partially covalent interactions, while the CNT+G5 system demonstrated moderate interactions suitable for material recycling. These findings suggest that carbon nanotubes, with their extraordinary properties such as nanocapillarity, porosity, and extensive surface area, show promise for environmental monitoring and remediation of glyphosate contamination.