# A re-identification of six Candidate Gravitationally Lensed Gamma-Ray Bursts

## TL;DR

This study re-evaluates six candidate gravitationally lensed gamma-ray bursts using multiple diagnostics and concludes that none of them are consistent with being lensed, refining the understanding of lensing in GRBs.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a comprehensive evaluation framework combining multiple diagnostics to assess gravitational lensing in GRBs, providing a more robust method for future studies.

## Key findings

- All six GRBs show significant discrepancies in at least one diagnostic.
- None of the six GRBs are consistent with gravitational lensing hypotheses.
- The framework improves reliability in identifying lensed GRBs.

## Abstract

The gravitational lensing effect of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) holds significant and diverse applications in the field of astronomy. Nevertheless, the identification of millilensing events in GRBs presents substantial challenges. We re-evaluate the gravitational lensing candidacy of six previously proposed GRBs (GRB 081122A, GRB 081126A, GRB 090717A, GRB 110517B, GRB 200716C, and GRB 210812A) using a comprehensive set of temporal and spectral diagnostics. These include $\chi^2$ light-curve similarity tests, photon-count-based hardness ratio ($HR_{count}$) comparisons, $T_{90}$ duration measurements, spectral lag, Norris pulse-shape fitting, and both time-resolved and time-integrated spectral analyses. We propose an evaluation framework, any single test that reveals a statistically significant inconsistency between the two pulses is sufficient to reject the lensing hypothesis for that burst.Although certain diagnostics, such as $T_{90}$ and parametric model fits, have known limitations, they are applied and interpreted in conjunction with the more robust, model-independent $\chi^2$ and $HR_{count}$ tests. For all six GRBs, at least one diagnostic shows a significant discrepancy, leading us to conclude that none are consistent with a gravitational lensing interpretation.