# Print2Volume: Generating Synthetic OCT-based 3D Fingerprint Volume from 2D Fingerprint Image

## TL;DR

This paper presents Print2Volume, a framework that generates realistic 3D OCT fingerprint volumes from 2D images to address data scarcity and improve biometric recognition accuracy.

## Contribution

Print2Volume introduces a novel three-stage process to synthesize high-quality 3D OCT fingerprint data from 2D images, aiding deep learning applications.

## Key findings

- Generated 420,000 synthetic OCT fingerprint samples.
- Pre-training on synthetic data significantly reduces recognition error.
- Enhanced recognition performance with synthetic data pre-training.

## Abstract

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) enables the acquisition of high-resolution, three-dimensional fingerprint data, capturing rich subsurface structures for robust biometric recognition. However, the high cost and time-consuming nature of OCT data acquisition have led to a scarcity of large-scale public datasets, significantly hindering the development of advanced algorithms, particularly data-hungry deep learning models. To address this critical bottleneck, this paper introduces Print2Volume, a novel framework for generating realistic, synthetic OCT-based 3D fingerprints from 2D fingerprint image. Our framework operates in three sequential stages: (1) a 2D style transfer module that converts a binary fingerprint into a grayscale images mimicking the style of a Z-direction mean-projected OCT scan; (2) a 3D Structure Expansion Network that extrapolates the 2D im-age into a plausible 3D anatomical volume; and (3) an OCT Realism Refiner, based on a 3D GAN, that renders the structural volume with authentic textures, speckle noise, and other imaging characteristics. Using Print2Volume, we generated a large-scale synthetic dataset of 420,000 samples. Quantitative experiments demonstrate the high quality of our synthetic data and its significant impact on recognition performance. By pre-training a recognition model on our synthetic data and fine-tuning it on a small real-world dataset, we achieved a remarkable reduction in the Equal Error Rate (EER) from 15.62% to 2.50% on the ZJUT-EIFD benchmark, proving the effectiveness of our approach in overcoming data scarcity.

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/2508.21371