# Enhanced indexation using both equity assets and index options

## TL;DR

This paper explores incorporating index options into enhanced indexation using an option strategy framework, demonstrating improved out-of-sample performance through empirical analysis of S&P 500 options from 2017-2025.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel option strategy approach treating options as artificial assets within enhanced indexation, applicable to portfolio optimization.

## Key findings

- Enhanced indexation with options improves out-of-sample performance
- Option strategies outperform traditional methods in empirical tests
- Dataset used is publicly available for future research

## Abstract

In this paper we consider how we can include index options in enhanced indexation. We present the concept of an \enquote{option strategy} which enables us to treat options as an artificial asset. An option strategy for a known set of options is a specified set of rules which detail how these options are to be traded (i.e.~bought, rolled over, sold) depending upon market conditions. We consider option strategies in the context of enhanced indexation, but we discuss how they have much wider applicability in terms of portfolio optimisation. We use an enhanced indexation approach based on second-order stochastic dominance. We consider index options for the S\&P~500, using a dataset of daily stock prices over the period 2017-2025 that has been manually adjusted to account for survivorship bias. This dataset is made publicly available for use by future researchers. Our computational results indicate that introducing option strategies in an enhanced indexation setting offers clear benefits in terms of improved out-of-sample performance. This applies whether we use equities or an exchange-traded fund as part of the enhanced indexation portfolio.