# Very high-energy gamma-ray and neutrino emission from hadronic interaction in compact binary millisecond pulsars

## TL;DR

This paper models high-energy gamma-ray and neutrino emissions from millisecond pulsar binary systems, predicting detectability with future observatories and assessing their contribution to Galactic neutrino flux.

## Contribution

It introduces a detailed model of hadronic interactions in spider pulsars, estimating their gamma-ray and neutrino emissions and their potential observability.

## Key findings

- Gamma-ray emission detectable by CTA and LHAASO for energetic systems.
- Neutrino emission potentially detectable by future TRIDENT detector.
- Spiders contribute negligibly to the Galactic neutrino background.

## Abstract

Blackwidow and redback systems are millisecond pulsars in compact orbits with ultra-light and low-mass companions, respectively, collectively known as ``spider pulsars". In such systems, an intrabinary shock can form between the pulsar and the companion winds, serving as a site for particle acceleration and associated non-thermal emission. Assuming that protons can be extracted from the neutron star surface and accelerated at the intrabinary shock and/or within the pulsar wind, we model the very high-energy gamma-ray and neutrino emissions ($0.1-10^3$~TeV) produced through interactions with the companion wind and the companion star. We first calculate the high-energy emissions using an optimistic combination of parameters to maximize the gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes. We find that, for energetic spider pulsars with a spin-down power $\gtrsim 10^{35}\rm erg\, s^{-1}$ and a magnetic field of $\sim 10^{3}\, \rm G$ in the companion region, the gamma-ray emission could be detectable as point sources by CTA and LHAASO, while the neutrino emission could be detectable by the future TRIDENT detector. Finally, we build a synthetic population of these systems, compute the cumulative neutrino flux expected from spider pulsars, and compare it with the Galactic neutrino diffuse emission measured by IceCube. We find that, under realistic assumptions on the fraction of the spin-down power converted into protons, the contribution of spiders to the diffuse Galactic neutrino flux is negligible.