# Revisiting Stochastic Gradient Descent for Strongly Convex Objectives: Tight Uniform-in-Time Bounds

## TL;DR

This paper establishes tight, uniform-in-time convergence bounds for stochastic gradient descent on strongly convex functions, improving understanding of its long-term behavior and extending results to related classes like Polyak-Łojasiewicz functions.

## Contribution

It provides the first tight, uniform-in-time convergence bounds for SGD on strongly convex objectives, including an improved last-iterate rate and generalizations to broader function classes.

## Key findings

- Convergence rate of order (log log k + log(1/β))/k with high probability
- Bound is tight up to constant factors
- Extension to Polyak-Łojasiewicz functions and contractive stochastic approximation

## Abstract

Stochastic optimization via Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a fundamental problem in statistics and optimization. This paper revisits Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) for strongly convex objectives, establishing tight, uniform-in-time convergence bounds. We prove that, with probability at least $1 - \beta$, a convergence rate of order $\frac{\log \log k + \log (1/\beta)}{k}$ simultaneously holds for all $ k \in \mathbb{N}_+ $, and demonstrate this bound is tight up to constant factors. We also provide an improved last-iterate convergence rate for such objectives. While focused on strongly convex objectives, our results generalize to the Polyak-{\L}ojasiewicz functions and indicate an $\mathcal{O}(k^{-1} \log \log k)$ convergence rate for contractive stochastic approximation with additive noise.

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/2508.20823